"Vibe Stack" =, designed for natural language-driven, AI collaboration, and multi-modal workflows, is rapidly developing but not yet fully mature, creating new opportunities for startups to disrupt the current cloud stack incumbents..

In the early days of cloud computing, developers' core demand was "don't have to manage servers yourself." Cloud services like AWS achieved this with virtualization of machines. When Vercel streamlined the deployment process to a single Git Push, and Firebase packaged backend services into API building blocks, developers truly began to experience the convenience of "cloud-native" at scale: they only need to care about business logic implementation without worrying the scalability of infrastructure The evolution path of the cloud stack consists of three stages:

• IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): AWS, GCP, providing virtualized hardware resources.

• PaaS (Platform as a Service): Heroku, Vercel, encapsulating platform layers like deployment, operations, and databases.

• BaaS (Backend as a Service):Firebase, Supabase, further abstracting backend functions.

However, these abstractions are still developer-oriented and have assumed users to have implicit knowledge outside of code. For example:

• How to configure environment variables in the Vercel console?

• How to debug Supabase's row-level security policies?

• What does each CI step in GitHub Action mean?

These concepts are still highly inaccessible to non-technical users . Furthermore, before the advent of ChatGPT, these platforms were almost never operated by non-developers. It wasn't until the breakthrough in natural language model capabilities that non-technical users could begin to interact with platforms via natural language, and development tools began to show potential for non-developers.

The advancement in AI coding made us realize thatthe next revolution in cloud infrastructure is no longer about "abstraction," but about redefining "interaction" process.

Therefore, we propose a new concept for the new tech stack: Vibe Stack — the next generation development paradigm integrating natural language programming, AI collaboration, and visual workflows.

I. From Tool to Intent: What is Vibe Stack?

Over the past few decades, development tools have always revolved around code. Now, we see a completely new scenario:

In the office of a startup in SF, Product Manager Sarah pasted user feedback into Cursor's chat window, and the AI immediately generated a functional requirements document. Clicking the "Generate Prototype" button automatically populated Figma with React components. When she dragged a task card to "In Development," the Vercel project was deployed with a temporary environment—the entire process required no direct interaction with code files or command-line windows.

This process touched upon a new level of abstraction: full-stack alignment from human intent to technical implementation.

We can divide the Vibe Stack architecture into three layers.Let's take "building a small game backend management page with user login functionality" as an example:

And a comparison with traditional development processes:

Vibe Stack does not replace engineers; instead, it transforms developers into Intent Calibrators, similar to architects designing blueprints, with engineering details automatically implemented by the system.

II. Dialogue as Development: The Rise of a New Collaboration Paradigm

Observing the evolution of modern development tools, we find that the interaction models between human and software are gradually aligning with human instinct. From Trello's boards to Notion's block editor, from tldraw's infinite canvas to ChatGPT's conversational flow, tools are adapting to the human brain's cognitive patterns, rather than forcing humans to adapt to machine logic. In AI-augmented development scenarios, this trend is amplified and it exhibits three key characteristics:

1. Continuous Compilation of Fragmented Intent

A single phrase in Slack, "we need a landing page with social sharing buttons," implicitly contains:

• Frontend: Design sharing buttons, configure component library styles

• Backend: Set up statistics API

• Operations: Configure CDN caching

AI will automatically break this down into task cards, push them to Jira, and synchronize them with GitHub Issues, requiring developers only to correct discrepancies.

2. Semantic Stitching of Multi-modal Workflows

In Builder.io's Visual Copilot tool, Figma designs can be translated in real-time into semantic React component code. The generated structure is highly readable and adapts to different screen sizes. At the same time, developers can continue to extend functionality or add interactive logic based on these generated results. This process of "design canvas to frontend code development and deployment" is becoming the status quo of a new type of Intent Pipeline.

In the future, Notion documents, Miro whiteboards, and Slack conversations will all become structured development entry points, building higher-density collaboration bridges between natural language and graphical interfaces.

3. Human-Machine Collaboration Traceability

The system tracks the context of each modification and provides "intent alignment records." Just as Git records code changes, Vibe Stack records "why we designed it this way".

III. The Continent Beneath the Iceberg: Product Outlook for Vibe Stack

The greater potentialof Vibe Stack is to make natural language the development protocol itself, and to connect the entire software production chain:

• Requirements document as API specification: User stories → Swagger documents + Postman test collections

• User feedback as bug fix task: "Button not responding" → Automatic E2E test generation

• Brainstorming as architectural sketch: Miro whiteboard → Microservice component breakdown diagram

From Dialogue to Intent: The Evolution Path of Interaction Models

The core revolution of Vibe Stack is not just about technical encapsulation, but about the leap in interaction forms. Looking back at the interaction paradigms of mainstream tools in recent years, we can clearly see an evolution path from "Kanban" to "Intent":

This change is not just an UI shift, but an improvement in the underlying system's "depth of understanding of human intent." Vibe Stack, through mechanisms like intent compilation, context management, and multi-modal input, evolves the development process from traditional "execution-based programming" to "collaborative co-creation".

One can imagine that future IDEs will no longer be a collection of files and folders, but a dynamic workspace that supports intent expression, task tracking, and automatic implementation.

Product Opportunity Outlook

This logic opens up product-level imagination:

This not only means "non-programmers can develop" but also "developers become meta-abstractors," transforming from coders to problem definers, solvers and model trainers.

Some startups are already putting this concept into practice. In YC's recent two batches, Olive (W25) rapidly generates internal tools through natural language, breaking down barriers to building complex management systems and allowing non-engineers to directly drive data operations and business processes. ReJot (W25) solves data silo problems in microservice architectures, simplifies cross-team data sharing, and improves developer collaboration efficiency.

AI Agent integration has also become unprecedentedly simple. Truffle AI (W25) significantly reduces developers' infrastructure burden by providing plug-and-play AI Agent APIs, making intelligent automation possible. Superglue automatically completes data conversion between different systems, eliminating tedious traditional data integration coding work and supporting seamless multi-modal workflow connection.

At the intent management level, Mesmer (Spring 25) provides CTOs and founders with real-time, intelligent insights into team work, reducing the need for meetings and manual reporting, allowing leaders to focus on strategic decisions. StarSling (Spring 25) achieves intelligent management of internal services and deployments through an AI-driven developer portal, embodying the deep integration of the "Cognitive Interface Layer" and "Intent Compilation Layer" in Vibe Stack.

Of course, there are also challenges:

• Quality assurance mechanisms for production: Is the automatic translation process of intent reliable?

• Trust issues between AI and team collaboration: How does the team determine if a certain AI output meets expectations?

• Agent's generalization capabilities and permission control: Which commands can be executed? How to prevent accidental deployments?

These challenges create opportunities for new companies in this space. Future development processes might shift from "code review" to "intent alignment meetings," and QA might become "AI output verification specialists".

At the Critical Point of Human -Machine Interaction Revolution

Looking back at the history of software development, every leap in productivity has been accompanied by a revolution in mode of interaction: from punch cards to command lines, from IDEs to Git, and then to cloud-native platforms.

We are now at the turning point from "humans learning machine languages" to "machines understanding human languages." The birth of ChatGPT is a landmark event, and the proposal of Vibe Stack is our definition of this trend.

When developers in 2030 look back at the present, they might gaze upon the birth of the COBOL language in the same way we do, viewing 2022 to the present as the "human-machine collaboration enlightenment period".

And the ultimate meaning of Vibe Stack lies in revealing a more fundamental future:

The ultimate abstraction of software development is not syntax, not code, but the translation of human taste itself.